Soal Asli UTBK SNBT 2018 Literasi Bahasa Inggris (LBE)

Bacaan untuk soal nomor 2 dan seterusnya

Social norms are the implicit social rules that govern behavioj/within a community. Norms are not directly established; instead, they develop over time as people go about their daily behaviors, sense people's reactions to those behaviors, and observe what other people are doing. Social norms differ, depending on the group of people, community, or culture. What is considered fully normal, even admirable, in one group may be met with disapproval in another (e.g., offices where casual dress is normal vs. offices where everyone must wear a suit). According to psychologist Robert Cialdini, people are constantly looking for "social proof" to guide their own behavior. They look for clues to what other people are doing in order to understand the appropriate behavior in a given situation. Social proof of what is acceptable is a particularly powerful guide to behavior when the situation is ambiguous or new. In relation to social norms, one of the big challenges we face is creating a sustainable culture where so many unsustainable actions are considered perfectly normal and even something to strive for: driving alone, living in a very large home, eating foods that have traveled long distances, eating meat at every meal, having a weed-free green grass lawn, and continuously shopping for new consumer goods. Sustainable behaviors, such as buying second-hand or taking short showers, on the other hand, are often seen as lower or undesirable in status. Social norms create opportunities for change; for one thing, they are dynamic and constantly shifting (just think about fashion trends). The goal for those of us who want to bring about a more sustainable society is to quickly bring sustainable behaviors into the realm of normal, acceptable one, and something people aspire to. How do we accomplish this? We need to give people evidence, social proof, that sustainable behavior is acceptable and desirable. (Adapted from: https://www.pca.state.mn.us/sites/default/files/p-eel-01.pdf)

Bacaan untuk soal nomor 3 dan seterusnya

The explanation shows that life condition is becoming more and more uncondusive for good-quality life. Therefore, today more people than ever are looking for ways to improve their health, increase energy, reduce stress, restore or enhance functionality, relieve aches and pains, balance emotions, and sharpen mental focus. Because of the demands of modern life, most people want those ways to be relatively simple and not time consuming. If you still have not found something to fit your needs, you may want to consider Chinese healing exercises. Chinese healing exercises make up a branch of Chinese medicine. It is almost never taught as a separate system of healing. Rather, it is used in many practices you probably recognize. Some are part of the oldest of Chinese medical practices, including acupressure and ruina, a type of Chinese massage therapy. Others have their origins in ancient self-healing or spiritual practices, such as Chinese forms of yoga and meditation. They are routinely taught together with more detailed and complex practices, such as taiji (t'ai chi). qigong (chi gung), and other advanced medical, spiritual, or martial practices. They are intended to prepare a student for those more demanding disciplines. They are also conducted as adjunctive exercises that can make some aspects of the main practices easier to perform. Some sources are less well known in the west, like medical qigong and paidagong. They are tapping and patting techniques used to break up $ q i $ blockages. $ Q i $ is life force, and is responsible for all healthy functionality, animation, vitality, emotional balance, and mental clarity. Chinese exercises have a unique positive impact on all those qualities. Chinese healing exercises can amplify the benefits from taiji or qigong if you already have such a practice. In that context, they will open targeted areas of physical or energetic restriction, deepen your sensitivity to $ q i $ sensations, and increase $ q i $ flow. They root you more securely, thereby improving your overall performance. (Adapted from: http://www.llewellyn.com/iournal/article/2408)

Bacaan untuk soal nomor 6 dan seterusnya

The explanation shows that life condition is becoming more and more uncondusive for good-quality life. Therefore, today more people than ever are looking for ways to improve their health, increase energy, reduce stress, restore or enhance functionality, relieve aches and pains, balance emotions, and sharpen mental focus. Because of the demands of modern life, most people want those ways to be relatively simple and not time consuming. If you still have not found something to fit your needs, you may want to consider Chinese healing exercises. Chinese healing exercises make up a branch of Chinese medicine. It is almost never taught as a separate system of healing. Rather, it is used in many practices you probably recognize. Some are part of the oldest of Chinese medical practices, including acupressure and ruina, a type of Chinese massage therapy. Others have their origins in ancient self-healing or spiritual practices, such as Chinese forms of yoga and meditation. They are routinely taught together with more detailed and complex practices, such as taiji (t'ai chi). qigong (chi gung), and other advanced medical, spiritual, or martial practices. They are intended to prepare a student for those more demanding disciplines. They are also conducted as adjunctive exercises that can make some aspects of the main practices easier to perform. Some sources are less well known in the west, like medical qigong and paidagong. They are tapping and patting techniques used to break up $ q i $ blockages. $ Q i $ is life force, and is responsible for all healthy functionality, animation, vitality, emotional balance, and mental clarity. Chinese exercises have a unique positive impact on all those qualities. Chinese healing exercises can amplify the benefits from taiji or qigong if you already have such a practice. In that context, they will open targeted areas of physical or energetic restriction, deepen your sensitivity to $ q i $ sensations, and increase $ q i $ flow. They root you more securely, thereby improving your overall performance.

Bacaan untuk soal nomor 7 dan seterusnya

Before engineers dreamed of eliminating drivers in cars, they imagined eliminating the side mirrors. Now a long-sought solution looks closer to finally stripping cars of side mirrors. Many automakers demonstrate video systems that replace the Mickey Mouse ears with cameras. Continental, a major parts and systems supplier to automakers, was one of them. In a customized Mercedes-Benz CLS, Continental demonstrated how its system would work. Thumb-size video cameras on the exterior of the car replace the side-mounted mirrors and use interior screens on the left and right side of the dashboard to deliver views of what is next to and behind the car. The screens are near where a driver would normally look to check a mirror, and the camera views are wider than what a physical mirror can provide, eliminating blind spots along the side of the car. The cameras, which can automatically adjust to reduce glare from sunlight or increase brightness at night, are also helpful in tight parking spots. Technology suppliers hope that regulations requiring old-fashioned physical mirrors will be amended. Philipp Hoffmann, BMW's project manager for camera monitor systems expected to begin road testing of the mirrorless systems in Europe this year, quickly followed by additional testing in Asia. He remained hopeful that the United States would follow soon. He may have a good reason to be optimistic. Daimler AG, parent company of Mercedes-Benz, is already testing a couple of autonomous tractor-trailers in Nevada that use large high-definition screens instead of side mirrors. Also, BMW recently received an exemption from the Transportation Department in the U.S. to allow it to deploy an automatic parking feature that enables a BMW 7 Series car to park itself, while the driver stands on the curb. It is a feature the company demonstrated only a year ago. Using cameras instead of physical mirrors could also end dangling damaged mirrors. To replace a typical mirror can be expensive as much as $ \$ 946 $ on a 2015 Acura RLX, according to the insurance institute. However, Mr. McConnell at Continental noted potential savings'in building cars that no longer need the structural support for side-mounted mirrors.

Bacaan untuk soal nomor 10 dan seterusnya

The green movement is catching on in many pockets of the world. This is especially true in the construction industry. Today's buzz words, which include global warming and zero emission, are causing everyday people to look for ways to reduce their carbon footprint. Purchasing environmentally-friendly property is a good investment for those who are concerned about their own health and the well-being of the earth. Based on this trend, entire districts, known as eco-communities, are being designed with green initiatives in mind. Dockside Green in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada is one of these communities. Its goal is to become the world's first zero-emissions neighborhood. Builders of Dockside Green have the environment in mind with every choice they make. They ensure proper ventilation, and guarantee residents $ 100 % $ fresh indoor air. Interior and exterior building materials, such as paints and wood, are narural and non-toxic. Fco-conscious builders use bamboo wherever possible because it is durable and does not require pesticides to grow. Energy efficiency is one of the top priorities in eco-communities, such as Dockside Green. Not only do energyefficient appliances and light fixtures reduce the environmental impact of heating and hot water, they also save residents and business owners money. Dockside Green claims that home owners will use $ 55 % $ less energy than average residents in Canada. Though they are sharing space by investing in condo-style living, residents will have individual utility metres. Studies show that people use approximately $ 20 % $ less energy when they are billed for exactly what they use. In addition, water is treated at Dockside Green and reused on site for flushing toilets. Planners of eco-communities such as Dockside Green must take the future into account. Dockside Green will reuse $ 90 % $ of its construction waste. They also plan to continue using local suppliers for all of their transport and maintenance needs. This is a great way to reduce emissions.

Bacaan untuk soal nomor 12 dan seterusnya

Passage 9 The Green movement is catching on in many pockets of the world. This is especially true in the construction industry. Today's buzz words, which include global warming and zero emissions, are causing everyday people to look for ways to reduce their carbon footprint. Purchasing environmentallyfriendly property is a good investment for those who are concerned about their own health and the wellbeing of the earth. Based on this trend, entire districts, known as eco-communities, are being designed with green initiatives in mind. Dockside Green in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada is one of these communities. Its goal is to become the world's first zero emissions neighborhood. Builders of Dockside Green have the environment in mind with every choice they make. They ensure proper ventilation, and guarantee residents 100% fresh indoor air. Interior and exterior building materials, such as paints and wood, are natural and non-toxic. Eco-conscious builders use bamboo wherever possible because it is durable and does not require pesticides to grow. Energy efficiency is one of the top priorities in eco-communities, such as Dockside Green. Not only do energy efficient appliances and light fixtures reduce the environmental impact of heating and hot water, they also save residents and business owners money. Dockside Green claims that home owners will use $ 55 % $ less energy than average residents in Canada. Though they are sharing space by investing in condo-style living, residents will have individual utility meters. Studies show that people use approximately $ 20 % $ less energy when they are billed for exactly what they use. In addition, water is treated at Dockside Green and reused on site for flushing toilets. Planners of eco-communities such as Dockside Green must take the future into account. Dockside Green will reuse $ 90 % $ of its construction waste. They also plan to continue using local suppliers for all of their transport and maintenance needs. This is a great way to reduce emissions. Dockside residents will be encouraged to make use of a mini transit system and buy into the community's car share program. Finally, plans are in the works for a high-tech heating system that will use renewable biomass instead of fossil fuels.

Bacaan untuk soal nomor 14 dan seterusnya

Schools must incorporate technology into daily teaching to realize the benefits. The daily use of technology in core classes correlates highly to the desirable education success measures (ESMs). Daily technology use is a top-five indicator of better discipline, better attendance, and increased college attendance. In 1:1 (one child one laptop) schools, daily use of technology in core curriculum classes ranges from $ 51 % $ to $ 63 % $ . Unfortunately, many 1:1 schools report using the technology on only a weekly basis or less often for many classes. It may appear surprising that in $ 40 % $ of $ 1: 1 $ schools, where every student has a laptop, students do not use the technology on a daily basis. The anecdotal evidence suggests a few answers: first, some schools move into 1:1 computing based on top-down directives and do not enjoy stakeholder buy-in. Second, many schools have inadequate levels of professional development. America's Digital Schools 2006 provides strong support for this argument. Third, schools buy the hardware but no courseware. In one large implementation, the hardware vendor who won the bid allocated only 50 cents for software, requiring the schools to supplement the software out of their own budget. Fourth, the laptops are used for less transformative activities. Next, computer use is limited to tool use, such as PowerPoint or word processing, with some limited web browsing. Broader uses including digital content with meaningful integration are not employed. Some educators have asked if technology has to be used daily to be effective or if daily use is overkill. If the use of technology is just tinkering around the edges, daily use may not matter or produce better results. However, it matters a great deal if technology is embedded in the school. If applied, it produces results beyond those expected by chance. Technology-transformed learning is all about learning productivity. It is much faster to look something up on a computer than in a book, but if a student spends only 30 minutes a week on a computer, the maximum productivity benefit is less than $ 2 % $ . Infrequent access precludes many productive applications. (Adapted from: http://www.davidgeurin.com/2016/07/technology-is-every-day-thing.html)

Bacaan untuk soal nomor 16 dan seterusnya

Online social networking includes much more than Facebook and Twitter. It is any online use of technology to connect people, enable them to collaborate with each other, and form virtual communities. Social networking sites may allow visitors to send e-mails, post comments, build web content, and/or take part in live chats. Social networking has quickly transformed how people of all ages work, play and shop - and even how we elect presidents. A 2010 Pew Study illustrates that it has become an integral part of the world beyond K-12 schools. In the two years prior to the study, its use among Millennials (ages 18 to 33 ) rose from 67 percent to 83 percent, every generation 45 and older more than doubled its participation, and adults 74 and older quadrupled their participation (from 4 percent to 16 percent). Among students surveyed in a National School Boards $ \Lambda $ ssociation study, 96 percent of those with ouline access reported using social networking, and half said they use it to discuss schoolwork. Survey research confirms that interest in harnessing social networking for educational purposes is high. As reported in School Principals and Social Networking in Education: Practices, Policies and Realities in 2010, a national survey of 1,200 principals, teachers and libfarians found that most agreed that social networking sites can help educators share information and resources, create professional learning communities, and improve school wide communications with students and staff. Those who had used social networks were more positive about potential benefits than those who had not. In an online discussion with 12 of the principals surveyed, most said that social networking and online collaboration tools would make a substantive change in students' educational experience. They also saic these tools could improve student motivation and engagement, help students develop a more social/collaborative view of learning, and create a connection to real-life learning.

Bacaan untuk soal nomor 20 dan seterusnya

Nowadays, our lives are practically dependent on the ubiquity of Information Communications Technology (ICT). Data from the Communications and Information Ministry shows that internet users in Indonesia increased from 74 million people in 2013 to 111 million in 2014. In Indonesia, Internet burst has been mainly used for accessing social media. Indonesia ranked third among countries with the highest number of Facebook users, below the US and India. The popularity of the Internet and social media unfortunately has not extended to the education sector. ICT has not become a backbone of improving the country's competitiveness through education. The Ministry of Education and Culture recorded that only about 50 percent of the 234,919 primary and secondary schools in Indonesia had access to the Internet in mid2014. Advancement of ICT should ideally be able to revolutionize education. Technology brings new sources of learning beyond teachers. Moreover, the divide between students and subjects is further narrowed by the availability of educational content through ICT. A revolution in education is also possible through ICT, as students can learn at the appropriate speed according to their capacity. Interactive digital content allows students to pick particular topics that they want to explore more. In a nutshell, there is a democratization of the learning process. Unfortunately, it is still a long road to revolutionize education in Indonesia through ICT. In addition to building technology infrastructure across the country's islands, ICT literacy for teachers, parents and students is also of importance. Without it, we are constrained from reaping the full benefits of ICT in education. Technology (ICT). Data from the Communications and Information Ministry shows that internet users in Indonesia increased from 74 million people in 2013 to 111 million in 2014. In Indonesia, Internet burst has been mainly used for accessing social media. Indonesia ranked third among countries with the highest number of Facebook users, below the US and India. The popularity of the Internet and social media unfortunately has not extended to the education sector. ICT has not become a backbone of improving the country's competitiveness through education. The Ministry of Education and Culture recorded that only about 50 percent of the 234,919 primary and secondary schools in Indonesia had access to the Internet in mid2014. Advancement of ICT should ideally be able to revolutionize education. Technology brings new sources of learning beyond teachers. Moreover, the divide between students and subjects is further narrowed by the availability of educational content through ICT. A revolution in education is also possible through ICT, as students can learn at the appropriate speed according to their capacity. Interactive digital content allows students to pick particular topics that they want to explore more. In a nutshell, there is a democratization of the learning process. Unfortunately, it is still a long road to revolutionize education in Indonesia through ICT. In addition to building technology infrastructure across the country's islands, ICT literacy for teachers, parents and students is also of importance. Without it, we are constrained from reaping the full benefits of ICT in education.